Five diseases that the NTD program focuses on are lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths. These diseases tend to affect the poor and marginalized populations; therefore, by making safe and cost-effective medication available, it can lead to better control of these tropical diseases. Because of this, over three billion hungry people have been helped in the 60 years that the Food for Peace program has been operating.
The FFP works hard to predict and react to hunger issues overseas. It has developed many emergency programs that have helped to save lives and support early recovery in times of disaster. The FFP also implements development activities to help reduce food insecurity in vulnerable populations. USAID is able to provide opportunities to access quality education in parts of the world where it may not have been available before.
USAID, along with its 20 partners, focuses on high priority countries to provide funding in order to reduce these high numbers of mortalities. Through community-oriented approaches, USAID also works with non-government organizations and ministries of health to solve the challenges that come with reducing mother, child and infant mortality rates. The most recent farm bill P. Table 1. Source s : P. The farm bill was extended for one fiscal year before the farm bill set a nonemergency minimum for FYFY Figure 3.
The th Congress may be interested in a number of issues related to Food for Peace nonemergency programs. Areas of interest may include proposed and ongoing reforms to the FFP program funding and structure that could change both how nonemergency programs fit into the broader landscape of U.
Since FY, the Trump Administration has proposed eliminating funding for the entire FFP Title II program—both emergency and nonemergency programs—on the basis that doing so would "streamline foreign assistance, prioritize funding, and use funding as effectively and efficiently as possible.
The Trump Administration is not the first to suggest significant changes to U. According to the Obama Administration, the proposed changes would have increased the flexibility, timeliness, and efficiency of U. The Farm Bill P. The farm bill authorized the Food for Peace Title II program through FY and made some changes to parts of the program, some of which had been proposed in earlier legislation and food aid reform efforts.
The two bills would have made changes to the Title II program—including eliminating the requirement to purchase all Title II food aid commodities in the United States and removing the monetization requirement—in an effort to reduce cost and gain efficiency. As Congress considers its annual appropriations and future authorization measures, Members may consider how to balance calls for reform with the priorities and vested interests of domestic constituencies, including agricultural interests and development groups, and how the often conflicting viewpoints may affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the Title II nonemergency programs.
OFDA is currently responsible for leading the U. In the new HA bureau, FFP and OFDA would no longer remain separate from one another with independent functions; instead, they would be consolidated into one bureau comprising eight offices—three geographically focused Africa; Asia, Latin America, and Caribbean; and Middle East, North Africa, and Europe and five technical covering issues such as award management, program quality, donor coordination, and business operations, among others.
See Appendix B. The humanitarian community remains engaged with the U. Some food assistance stakeholders have raised concerns about the dissolution of FFP and its potential impact on Title II programming. According to a USAID congressional notification on the intent to form the HA bureau, Title II nonemergency programming would remain in the new HA bureau, though it is unclear how that arrangement will look in practice.
These include whether and how nonemergency programs will be incorporated into larger disaster risk reduction efforts, and how the nonemergency programs will fit in with the programs to be managed by the new Bureau for Resilience and Food Security. While the structural redesign is underway HA is currently slated to be operational by the end of , though implementation timelines may change , Congress has opportunities to provide feedback and guidance to the agency as it finalizes office-level details.
In either consolidation scenario, the program could potentially benefit from increased coordination. For example, having one office manage all programming and present a unified voice to all stakeholders including Congress may reduce communication and coordination challenges. Unlike Food for Peace, Feed the Future does not focus its programs on the poorest of the poor, does not include in-kind food distributions in its projects, and cannot shift its funding to meet emergency needs should a shock occur.
Additionally, during a disaster FFP often uses its nonemergency programs as a component in the overall emergency response, by either diverting existing resources or injecting new emergency resources to support an early response.
As discussed earlier, emergency programs have grown to dwarf nonemergency programming in funding terms see Figure 3. If emergency funding needs continue to rise consistent with their previous trajectory, the demands from the emergency portfolio could outpace and overtake the traditional development assistance, jeopardizing the FTF gains already made and risking future programming.
If FFP lost its CDF funding, it would likely need to return to using monetization to partially fund its nonemergency programs. To address this potential challenge, Congress could consider changes in legislation, including but not limited to the following:. The various U. This report offers a complete perspective on the FFP nonemergency programs, but it does not contextualize the programs with the entire U. As such, no single report currently mandated by Congress captures the entirety of international food assistance.
The two committee groupings often have different and sometimes competing priorities, the push and pull of which can sometimes lead USAID and its implementing partners to shoulder a higher administrative burden than other programs that reside in only one jurisdiction.
For example, FFP was subject to eight Government Accountability Office GAO audits from to July , covering issues from the monitoring and evaluation of cash-based food assistance programs to how U. With enactment of the farm bill P. By moving forward with USAID's Transformation initiative, the Administration is implementing changes to organizational structures through which nonemergency food assistance programs are administered.
Congress may consider addressing its priorities for FFP nonemergency programs in annual appropriations legislation, stand-alone bills that address certain components of the program, and Transformation -related consultations. Appendix A. International Food Assistance Programs. This graphic illustrates the suite of U. The programs highlighted in this graphic are the nonemergency programs discussed in this report. Figure A International Food Assistance Landscape.
Department of Agriculture and U. Agency for International Development. Notes: The Feed the Future Initiative is not listed in this matrix as it is a whole-of-government approach that includes most of these programs, among others. The programs highlighted in this graphic are the programs discussed in this memorandum. Appendix B. Figure B The left columns in shades of blue show the current structure of the Offices of Food for Peace and U. The right columns in red show the proposed office structure for the new Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance.
Current diplomatic efforts are focused on strengthening democratic institutions and thwarting destabilizing threats, such as the threat posed by the extremist group Boko Haram. The Cameroon Peace Promotion Project utilizes radio broadcasts to promote moderate voices in the region and prevent the spread of violent extremism.
A second project, called the Central African Regional Program on the Environment, works to conserve the tropical forests in Cameroon and neighboring countries. The Centers for Disease Control is also working to eradicate the disease in Cameroon.
0コメント